Continuous Arrhythmia Monitoring in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Left Ventricular Noncompaction.

Patients with left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) are at risk of clinically significant arrhythmias and sudden death. We evaluated whether implantable loop recorders could detect significant arrhythmias that might be missed in these patients during annual Holter monitoring. Selected pediatric and adult patients with LVNC who consented to implantable loop recorder placement were monitored for 3 years (study duration, 10 April 2014-9 December 2019). Fourteen subjects were included (age range, 6.5-36.4 yr; 8 males). Of 13 patients who remained after one device extrusion, one underwent implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement. Four patients (31%) had significant arrhythmias: atrial tachycardia (n=2), nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (n=1), and atrial fibrillation (n=1). All 4 events were clinically asymptomatic and not associated with left ventricular ejection fraction. In addition, a high frequency of benign arrhythmic patterns was detected. Implantable loop recorders enable continuous, long-term detection of important subclinical arrhythmias in selected patients who have LVNC. These devices may prove to be most valuable in patients who have LVNC and moderate or greater ventricular dysfunction.

Sublingual microcirculation: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Sublingual microcirculation monitoring is suitable for bedside use in critically ill patients. We present a case in which severely impaired sublingual microcirculation was the first alarming sign of an early deterioration of the patient's medical situation. CASE PRESENTATION: This is the case of a 58-year-old white woman admitted to our intensive care unit after the removal of parts of her small intestine due to a volvulus. Her microcirculation was checked the day after surgery in terms of an ongoing study and predicted a massive deterioration of her clinical situation. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the potential value of monitoring the microcirculation in critically ill patients. Two full hours could have been saved for diagnostic workup and earlier treatment had we considered the impaired microcirculation alone as a warning sign. Regardless of the supposed cause, impaired microcirculation should alert the responsible physician and should be followed by a diagnostic workup. Sublingual microcirculation monitoring can be useful in intensive care units to detect a deteriorated microcirculation earlier than with standard monitoring.

Usefulness of remote Monitoring of Pediatric Patients with Cardiac implantable electronic devices / Utilidad de los dispositivos cardíaco-eléctricos con monitoreo a distancia en pacientes pediátricos

ABSTRACT: Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of cardiac implantable electronic devices with remote monitoring system in a pediatric population and the limitations of its implementation in Argentina. Methods: Twenty-seven patients receiving a cardiac implantable electronic device with remote monitoring system at Hospital Nacional Garrahan and Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires were included in the study. The rate of events, complications and device-related therapies were evaluated. The anticipated actions taken in response to alert notifications were described. Mean follow-up was 46.6 ± 32.1 months. results: Median age was 12.2 years (IQR: 8.75-13.3). An implantable cardioverter defibrillator device was placed in 7 patients (25.9%) and 20 (74%) underwent pacemaker implant. Five patients (18.5%) presented seven red alerts: 3 due to ventricular arrhyth-mia in monitoring zone of ventricular fibrillation and 4 due to lead dysfunction. Twelve patients (44%) presented a yellow alert: 6 due to lead dysfunction, 4 due to deactivation of the monitoring system because of lack of signal reception, one due to ventricular tachycardia and another with sinus tachycardia in monitoring zone of ventricular tachycardia. Active actions were taken in 9 pa-tients (33.3%) to manage the alert notification: the atrial lead was replaced in one patient and the ventricular in lead in another; in 2 patients non-compliance with pharmacological treatment and exercise limitation were detected and in the rest of the patients, the device was reprogrammed according to the abnormalities observed in the recording or capture. Conclusions: Remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices is very useful in the pediatric population, allowing for the rapid detection and management of device failure or significant arrhythmias.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de los dispositivos cardíacos eléctricos con sistema de monitoreo a distancia en una población pediátrica y las limitaciones de su implementación en la República Argentina. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 27 pacientes a quienes se le implantó un dispositivo cardíaco-eléctrico implantable con sistema de monitoreo a distancia en el Hospital Nacional Garrahan y en el Hospital Italiano de Bs. As. Se evaluó la tasa de eventos, complicaciones y terapias por parte de los dispositivos. Se describieron las conductas anticipadas según la alerta recibida. Se realizó un seguimiento medio de 46,6 meses ± 32,1. resultados: La edad fue 12,2 años (RIC: 8,75-13,3), a 7 pacientes (28%) se les implantó un cardiodesfibrilador implantable y 20 pacientes (78%) un marcapaso endocavitario. Cinco pacientes (18,5%) presentaron 7 alertas rojas: 3 por arritmia ventricular en rango de fibrilación ventricular y 4 por alteraciones en alguno de los cables. Doce pacientes (44%) presentaron una alerta amarilla: 6, por alteraciones en los cables; 4, por desactivación del sistema por falta de recepción de señal; 1, por taquicardia ventricular; y 1, por taquicardia sinusal en rango de taquicardia ventricular. En 9 pacientes (33,3%) se tomó una conducta activa para resolver el aviso de alerta: en 2 pacientes se realizó recambio de cable auricular en uno y ventricular en otro, en 2 pacientes se detectó incumplimiento del tratamiento farmacológico y en la limitación del ejercicio, en el resto se reprogramó el dispositivo, según el tipo de alteración en el registro o la captura. Conclusiones: El sistema de monitoreo remoto de los dispositivos cardíaco-eléctricos implantables es muy útil en la población pediátrica, lo que permite una rápida detección y acción cuando se produce un fallo en el dispositivo o un evento arrítmico de relevancia clínica.

Vaginal semisolid products: Technological performance considering physiologic parameters.

Vaginal semisolid products are frequently used to treat vaginal infections and atrophy-related symptoms of menopause. Formulations composition and the methods for their characterization, especially those developed concerning the target epithelia, are key tools to predict in vivo results at early stages of product development. However, recent studies on this subject have been almost exclusively focused on anti-HIV preparations. The aim of this work consists on improving traditional characterization methods by using physiological parameters in order to construct predictive tools to characterize a new ideal vaginal semisolid formulation whatever target it may have. Ten vaginal antimicrobial and hormonal products already available in the market were studied (Gino-Canesten®, Sertopic®, Dermofix®, Gyno-pevaryl®, Lomexin®, Gino Travogen®, Dalacin V®, Ovestin®, Blissel®, Colpotrophine®). Furthermore, Universal Placebo gel and Replens® were used for comparison. Products were characterized in terms of: pH and buffering capacity in a vaginal fluid simulant (VFS); osmolality - directly and upon dilution in VFS; textural parameters (firmness, adhesiveness and bioadhesion) using vaginal ex vivo porcine epithelium; and viscosity (including VFS dilution at 37°C and after administration on an ex vivo model). Interestingly, the majority of the tested commercial vaginal formulations did not present technological characteristics close to the ideal ones when tested under target biological conditions. The inclusion of such methodologic adaptations is expected to optimize cost-efficiency of new formulations development by predicting efficacy and safety profiles at early stages of product development.

Impact of hemodynamic monitoring on clinical outcomes.

In recent years, there has been a tremendous growth in available hemodynamic monitoring devices to support clinical decision-making in the operating room and intensive care unit. In addition to the "tried and true" heart rate and blood pressure monitors, there are several newer applications of existing technologies including arterial waveform analysis, intraoperative and bedside critical care echocardiography, esophageal Doppler, and tissue oximetry, among others. Several monitoring devices demonstrate positive effect on outcomes, especially when used in conjunction with specific goal-directed therapy protocols to achieve a desired clinical effect. Other devices remain in the validation stage, awaiting comprehensive comparison to established techniques. While these new technologies offer promising advances in intraoperative and critical care, they are often quite costly and many devices lack strong evidence for widespread adoption into clinical practice. In this review, we highlight the current data on clinical outcomes with the use of available hemodynamic monitoring devices.

The use of external event monitoring (web-loop) in the elucidation of symptoms associated with arrhythmias in a general population / Utilização do monitor de eventos externo (web-loop) na identificação de sintomas associados a arritmias cardíacas em uma população geral

Objective To correlate arrhythmic symptoms with the presence of significant arrhythmias through the external event monitoring (web-loop). Methods Between January and December 2011, the web-loop was connected to 112 patients (46% of them were women, mean age 52±21 years old). Specific arrhythmic symptoms were defined as palpitations, pre-syncope and syncope observed during the monitoring. Supraventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter or fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, pauses greater than 2 seconds or advanced atrioventricular block were classified as significant arrhythmia. The association between symptoms and significant arrhythmias were analyzed. Results The web-loop recorded arrhythmic symptoms in 74 (66%) patients. Of these, in only 14 (19%) patients the association between symptoms and significant cardiac arrhythmia was detected. Moreover, significant arrhythmia was found in 11 (9.8%) asymptomatic patients. There was no association between presence of major symptoms and significant cardiac arrhythmia (OR=0.57, CI95%: 0.21-1.57; p=0.23). Conclusion We found no association between major symptoms and significant cardiac arrhythmia in patients submitted to event recorder monitoring. Event loop recorder was useful to elucidate cases of palpitations and syncope in symptomatic patients. .

Objetivo Correlacionar sintomas arrítmicos com a presença de arritmias significativas por meio do monitor de eventos externo (web-loop). Métodos Entre janeiro e dezembro de 2011, o web-loop foi instalado em 112 pacientes (46% mulheres, 52±21 anos). Sintomas específicos foram definidos como palpitação, pré-síncope e síncope, presentes durante a monitorização. Arritmia significativa foi definida como taquicardia paroxística supraventricular, flutter e fibrilação atrial, taquicardia ventricular, pausas superiores a 2 segundos ou bloqueio atrioventricular avançado. A associação entre presença de sintomas e arritmias significativas foi avaliada. Resultados O monitor de eventos registrou sintomas específicos em 74 (66%) pacientes, entretanto a associação entre sintomas específicos e arritmia significativa foi observada em apenas 14 (19%) deles. Em 11 pacientes (9,8%), foi detectada arritmia significativa na ausência de sintomas. Não houve associação entre a presença de sintomas e a detecção de arritmia significativa (OR=0,57, IC95%: 0,21-1,57; p=0,23). Conclusão Em pacientes monitorizados pelo web-loop, não houve associação entre a presença de sintomas específicos e a detecção de arritmias significativas. O monitor de eventos pode ter importância na elucidação de sintomas de palpitações e síncope dos pacientes. .

Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias detected by an implantable loop recorder in a child with exercise-induced syncope.

Syncope is common in the general population. Despite extensive evaluation, including tilt-table testing and electrophysiologic studies, approximately 30% of cases of recurrent syncope remain unexplained. An implantable loop recorder can be used for diagnosis when recurrent syncope has an idiopathic cause. We present the case of a 9-year-old boy who had a history of recurrent, exercise-induced syncope. Results of physical examination and noninvasive diagnostic testing were inconclusive, and an electrophysiologic study revealed no inducible supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias. Sixteen months after an implantable loop recorder was placed, the patient had a syncopal episode while swimming in a pool. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed, and data from the loop recorder revealed polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. A cardioverter-defibrillator was subsequently implanted. Implantable loop recorders can play an important role in the diagnosis of life-threatening arrhythmias in children whose syncope is otherwise unexplained.

ABDOPRE: dispositivo de aplicação externa para redução da pressão intra-abdominal: Experiencia clínica preliminar / ABDOPRE: dispositivo de aplicación externa para reducción de presión intraabdominal: Preliminary clinical experience / ABDOPRE: an external device for the reduction of intra-abdominal pressure

São descritos os objetivos de redução da pressão intra-abdominal e o projeto de um dispositivo que os atenda. O ABDO-PRE compreende, pela primeira vez, um mecanismo de servo-controle de aplicação externa que mede a pressão intravesical como variável de controle. São apresentados os resultados da aplicação em 4 pacientes com hipertensão intra-abdominal, produzindo uma redução de 16 por cento a 35 por cento em três casos e um aumento paradoxal da pressão em um dos casos, devido a um desajuste entre a geometria da câmara de vácuo e a alteração anatômica acarretada pela obesidade da paciente. Estes resultados são promissores em relação ao possível uso do ABDOPRE na prática clínica para redução da hipertensão intra-abdominal.

Se describen los objetivos de reducción de la presión intraabdominal y el proyecto de un dispositivo que los cumpla. ABDOPRE comprende por primera vez un mecanismo servcocontrolado de aplicación externa que toma la presión intravesical como variable de control. Se presenta el resultado de la aplicación en 4 pacientes afectados por hipertensión intraabdominal, con el resultado de una reducción de entre 16 por ciento y 35 por ciento en tres casos y de un aumento paradojal de presión en un caso debido a desajuste de la geometría de la campana de vacío a la anatomía obesa del paciente. Estos resultados prometen el posible uso de ABDOPRE para la reducción de la hipertensión intraabdominal en la práctica clínica.

This article describes a device for the reduction of intra-abdominal pressure. The device (ABDOPRE) includes a unique external servo-control mechanism, based on urinary bladder pressure measurement. The results of ABDOPRE use in the first four intra-abdominal hypertension patients are reported; the device resulted in a reduction of intra-abdominal pressure between 16 percent and 35 percent in 3 cases and in a paradoxical increase of the intra-abdominal pressure in an obese woman, likely due to inappropriate chamber size for the patient's anatomy. These results are promising and ABDOPRE may be useful in clinical practice.